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Browsing 2024 by Author "Գյուրջինյան Դավիթ"
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ItemԻրանական լեզուների հայերեն անունները. ժամանակագրությունը, գործածությունը, բառարանային մշակումը եվ կանոնարկման խնդիրները(Լինգվա, 2024) Գյուրջինյան ԴավիթIn the fifth century, the Armenian language used the names of two Iranian languages: պարսկերէն (Persian) and պարթեւարէն (Parthian). In the seventh century, the linguonym պարսիկ լեզու (Persian) was recorded, while in Middle Armenian it was ֆարսի (Farsi). The formation of the remaining linguonyms refers to modern times. In the Armenian language, linguonyms of living and dead Iranian languages are in some cases names of dialects. They are usually formed using the suffix –երեն (-eren). The exceptions are the ancient Armenian պարթեւարէն (Parthian language) and the variable սոգդիարեն (Sogdian language), formed in the twentieth century, using the suffix -արէն (–aren). The Armenian names of Iranian languages have the following options: a) phonetic-orthographic, b) word-formative, c) lexical, d) structural (word and phrase). In the Armenian scientific literature, in particular in the linguistic works on Iranian studies, the variability of Armenian and borrowed linguonyms is noted. It is necessary to minimize the variability of Armenian names of Iranian languages and unify linguonyms, which will contribute to the correctness and accuracy of scientific speech. In monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of the Old Armenian and New Armenian languages, the names of two dozen Iranian languages with their various variants became headwords. The same number of linguonyms, including the names of dialects, have not yet been recorded in dictionaries. Among the Armenian names of Iranian languages, the most commonly used linguonyms are պարսկերեն (Persian language), տաջիկերեն (Tajik language) and քրդերեն (Kurdish language). A number of linguonyms are found only in scientific texts, some are used in isolated cases.
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ItemՍլավոնական լեզուների հայերեն անունների ընդհանուր նկարագրությունը տարժամանակյա մոտեցմամբ(Լինգվա, 2024) Գյուրջինյան ԴավիթThe origin of the Armenian names of the Slavic languages dates back to the period of the New Armenian language (especially the 19th century). In modern Armenian, Slavic linguonyms are usually expressed by one word. An exception is the analytical variant ռուսաց լեզու (rusats lezu) "Russian language". Previously, there was a phrase լեհաց լեզու (lehats lezu) "Polish language", which later fell out of use. Among the Slavic linguonyms there are even neologisms (բոսնիերեն (bosnieren) "Bosnian language", չեռնոգորերեն (chernogoreren) "Montenegrin language"), the formation of which is a consequence of political processes. There are also several obsolete Slavic linguonyms (մալոռուսերեն (maloruseren) "Little Russian language", վելիկոռուսերեն (velikoruseren) "Great Russian language"). A certain variability is observed in the Slavic linguonyms of the Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian languages (բուլղարերեն (bulghareren) – պուլկարերէն (pulkareren) “Bulgarian language”, սերբերեն (serberen) – սերպերէն (serperen) “Serbian language”). In general, however, Slavic linguonyms are of a pan-Armenian character. Armenian linguonyms are mainly formed from non-derivative stems (լեհերեն (leheren) “Polish language”, ռուսերեն (ruseren) “Russian language”, խորվաթերեն (khorvateren) “Croatian language”, չեխերեն (chekheren) “Czech language”, սերբերեն (serberen) “Serbian language”, սլովակերեն (slovakeren) “Slovak language”, սլովեներեն (sloveneren) 90 “Slovenian language”, etc.). There are also linguonyms formed from derivative stems (including the suffix -ացի (-atsi)): ուկրաիներեն (ukraineren) "Ukrainian language" < ուկրաինացի (ukrainatsi ) "Ukrainian", մակեդոներեն (makedoneren) "Macedonian language" < մակեդոնացի (makedonatsi) "Macedonian". In the current period of development of the Armenian language, Slavic linguonyms are characterized by a certain functional stability and a low degree of variability. Armenian names of Slavic languages function as vocables in various dictionaries of the Armenian language. Some of them, however (mostly neologisms), are still not recorded in dictionaries, but are used in scientific and official speech.