2024

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    Իրանական լեզուների հայերեն անունները. ժամանակագրությունը, գործածությունը, բառարանային մշակումը եվ կանոնարկման խնդիրները
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Գյուրջինյան Դավիթ
    In the fifth century, the Armenian language used the names of two Iranian languages: պարսկերէն (Persian) and պարթեւարէն (Parthian). In the seventh century, the linguonym պարսիկ լեզու (Persian) was recorded, while in Middle Armenian it was ֆարսի (Farsi). The formation of the remaining linguonyms refers to modern times. In the Armenian language, linguonyms of living and dead Iranian languages are in some cases names of dialects. They are usually formed using the suffix –երեն (-eren). The exceptions are the ancient Armenian պարթեւարէն (Parthian language) and the variable սոգդիարեն (Sogdian language), formed in the twentieth century, using the suffix -արէն (–aren). The Armenian names of Iranian languages have the following options: a) phonetic-orthographic, b) word-formative, c) lexical, d) structural (word and phrase). In the Armenian scientific literature, in particular in the linguistic works on Iranian studies, the variability of Armenian and borrowed linguonyms is noted. It is necessary to minimize the variability of Armenian names of Iranian languages and unify linguonyms, which will contribute to the correctness and accuracy of scientific speech. In monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of the Old Armenian and New Armenian languages, the names of two dozen Iranian languages with their various variants became headwords. The same number of linguonyms, including the names of dialects, have not yet been recorded in dictionaries. Among the Armenian names of Iranian languages, the most commonly used linguonyms are պարսկերեն (Persian language), տաջիկերեն (Tajik language) and քրդերեն (Kurdish language). A number of linguonyms are found only in scientific texts, some are used in isolated cases.
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    Միֆաբանական սկզբնաղբյուրները որպես միջտեքստայնության նախադեպային տեքստեր
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Զաքարյան Հռիփսիմե
    The theory of precedent is one of the most actively developing areas in modern literary criticism. In modern literature, especially in Armenian poetry of recent decades, the most popular and frequent sources of precedent are mythical and biblical texts, Christian myths. The use of myth in a literary work and the transformation of myth help create a unique literary symbolic world in which the multifaceted aspects of contemporary reality are intricately reflected. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the application of myth in a literary text becomes the key through which one can unveil the mystery of the work's unifying power and characterize the philosophical nature and spirit of a particular historical period. The use of myth in a literary work manifests in different ways. In some cases, it involves identical repetitions of mythic plots, while in others, it serves a formal-structural function as a means of completing the artistic narrative. All types of myth, whether ancient or modern, serve as an ideological fabric built on collective emotions and feelings, intricately intertwined in the consciousness, forming a complex, multilayered system by their nature. Myth, 136 being a product of imagination, enters the artistic structure as a precedent text, reflecting the originality of the author's thought and the original world and conceptual system that is uniquely manifested in a work of art. By building his artistic world on mythological foundations and intertwining mythological sources with artistic structure and generalizations, the author transforms myth. As a result, within ideological and psychological interpretation of myth, an artistic structure emerges with its unique expressive, linguistic, structural, and semantic features.
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    Ապասրբայնացում եզրույթի իմաստաբանությունը
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Խաչատրյան Լալիկ ; Միրումյան Մարգուշ
    The term 'desacralization' has entered linguistics from religious philosophy. As is known, over time, words can lose their 'sacred' meaning and undergo 'desacralization,' becoming common nouns. This phenomenon in language manifests in various ways: it can involve the loss of meaning, 'wearing out' of the word, exiting the mythological system, etc. a) As a result of the loss of meaning, the content of the lexical unit expands. In such cases, sacred words and phrases begin to function as interjections and forms of address. For example, the word 'God' has acquired desacralized meanings in the following constructions: “Lord God,” (Heavenly Father) “for God's sake,” “God be with us (with you),” “God knows,” “God forbid,” etc. b) A change in society's views on the mythological system or the gradual disintegration of the mythological system can become a factor in desacralization. Basically, Greek mythical names underwent desacralization. They acquired different meanings as a result of a change in meaning and are no longer associated with their etymological meaning in modern perception. Among such words are morphine, uranium, sealant, panic, atlas, ether, hyacinth, zephyr, volcano etc. On the whole, desacralization becomes a factor in the semantic change, expansion of the meaning of the word.
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    Մեղմասություն եվ կոպտասություն. խոսքի արտահայտչական միջոցներ
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Գաբրիելյան Սուսաննա
    The present article offers an in-depth exploration of two linguistic phenomena: euphemism and dysphemism among a myriad of expressive tools, aiming to shed light on their linguistic and stylistic characteristics, frequency of use, thematic diversity and functional applications. These linguistic units are studied within a specific linguistic and social context, examining their use as expressions of politeness or, conversely, impoliteness, and their appropriateness or inappropriateness." Employing a blend of comparative, analytical, and descriptive methods, this study challenges the conventional perception of euphemism and dysphemism solely as veils or manipulative tools. Instead, it highlights their essence as manifestations of linguistic pragmatism. In this light, they are not seen merely as tools masking or substituting one word or phrase for another in a manipulative manner. Rather, they emerge as integral elements that play an instrumental role in raising the emotional and expressive overtones of speech, ultimately contributing to the achievement of communicative goals.
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    Comparative analysis of the functional roles of pragmatic markers in documenting the Kosovo and Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Tamazyan Ani
    This article presents a comparative analysis of the functional roles of the pragmatic markers utilized in the documentation of the Kosovo and Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts. Grounded in the postulate that the pragmatic markers employed in Kosovo's documentation were stronger and contributed to a favorable outcome, namely the attainment of Kosovo's independence, the study contrasts this with the case of Nagorno-Karabakh. According to our postulate, similar markers in Nagorno-Karabakh were less effective and were one of the reasons for the inability to achieve peace through diplomatic negotiations. The disparity in the utilization and effectiveness of pragmatic markers in the documentation of two conflicts, underscores their significance in influencing international recognition, support, and ultimately, the success of diplomatic negotiations.
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    Միֆական Լիլիթի կերպարի երկատման առանձնահատկությունները գրականության մեջ
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Ղուլյան Արտակ
    The paper is devoted to the study of the mythic character of "Lilit" and its depiction in fiction. Despite numerous attempts by psychologists, philosophers, writers, and literary critics to analyze this character from diverse angles, it has yet to receive a comprehensive scientific explanation. The examination of the evolution of Lilit's character, from its origins to its portrayal in various cultural beliefs and its distinct representations in world literature, reveals duality and dichotomy within the character that warrants further scholarly investigation.
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    Cognitive aspect of concept strangeness in English
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Badalyan Lilit ; Shamiryan Sasun
    In summary, the concept strangeness is, at its core, the condition of not knowing or not recognizing something. It is understood through the schema of RELATION and can be manifested along the two axes of categorization and distance in time and space. Since categorization is such a fundamental part of human cognition, entities that do not fit within their expected or agreed upon categories are conceptualized as strange. Distance in time and space is the other key semantic component of strangeness, it contributes to the sense of strangeness since the object becomes unknown or unrecognizable.
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    Linguistic peculiarities of social media advertisements
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Mkhitaryan Spartak
    The article explores linguistic strategies in social media ads, uncovering tactics for effective digital marketing. Through analyzing samples from various platforms, it reveals how language is strategically used to engage audiences. Additionally, emerging trends like user-generated content. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between language and digital advertising, offering practical knowledge for marketers navigating the ever-evolving realm of social media.
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    Նշանագիտական թարգմանության առանձնահատկությունները տեսողական հաղորդակցությունում. «Իմ սիրուն» գովազդային արշավի օրինակով
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Մկրտչյան Մկրտիչ
    Semiotics is developing rapidly, providing researchers with new tools to examine and decipher various phenomena in everyday reality, especially when those phenomena are verbal or nonverbal communications that include ambiguous messages. Such messages, representing a sign system rich in visual metaphors, are abundant in posters, where the visual image is sometimes accompanied by a linguistic description. This description, also called a verbal message, conveys the meaning of a visual metaphor or nonverbal message. However, there are cases when verbal and non-verbal messages do not complement each other but are opposed. Hence, this article attempts to describe one such case with the example of two posters from Avanta's "imsirun" advertising campaign. Conceiving the semiotic translation as resemiotization, two posters are analyzed with regard to the visual metaphor, linguistic description, and connotations contained in it. Using semiotic analysis, this article demonstrates that verbal and nonverbal messages contradict each other, resulting in the public's confused perception of these posters.
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    Նկարագրական պատկերները Լեվոն Բաշալյանի գեղարվեստական արձակում
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Անդրեասյան Թամարա
    The realist movement, which began in the 1880s in Western Armenian literature, is characterized by its aim to depict life in its diversity. It turned to smaller forms of prose, such as novellas, short stories, chronicles, essays, and sketches. Among these, the sketch particularly stands out as a genre with distinctive descriptive and observational content. Levon Bashalyan is a keen observer. His focus ranges from the secluded buildings of Constantinople and the lifestyles of wealthy families to the passionate, dissolute nights of Paris and the silent, endless expanse of the sea. In nearly twenty short stories and novellas, along with a few travelogues and memoirs, Bashalyan skillfully portrays Armenian life at the end of the 19th century. He explores the inner world of individuals, revealing their most intense feelings and refined emotions. His use of descriptive techniques— such as landscapes, portrait-like character sketches, and symbolic imagery— serves as a means of artistic generalization. The writer succeeds in presenting the era and its people in a comprehensive and insightful manner through simple yet effective descriptions. In Bashalyan's system of imagery, repetitions, comparisons, and contrasts play a crucial role, providing significant context and depth to his work.
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    Կախարդական իրերի անվանումների թարգմանության խնդիրը «Հարրի Փոթերը և փիլիսոփայական քարը» վեպի հայերեն թարգմանվածքում
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Շահբազյան Աննա
    This article is devoted to the study of the problem of equivalence in the translation of one of the classes of author neologisms, specifically, the names of magical objects in “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone”. The 237 challenges of proper transfer of the semantic-pragmatic peculiarities of neologisms are observed based on the comparative analysis of the two Armenian translations of the novel. In specific cases, other, more preferable versions of translation are suggested. The results of the research show that from the point of view of transferring the author's intention and message underlying the creation of the neologisms and evoking the appropriate associations in the reader, calque proves to be the most effective translation procedure.
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    Եվրոպայի խորհրդի ժամանակակից լեզուների եվրոպական կենտրոնի լեզվաքաղաքականությունը
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Եղիազարյան Գայանե
    The European Centre for Modern Languages (ECML) is a centre to promote quality language education in Europe and beyond. The ECML’s mission is to encourage excellence and innovation in language teaching and support its member states in the implementation of effective language education policies. It does so by working with decision-makers in member states and bringing together language experts to develop innovative, research-informed solutions to challenges in language education. The ECML recognises the importance of pedagogical approaches, which are differentiated according to learner needs and to specific language contexts (home/first, second, foreign, regional, of migration, in subjects etc.). The provision of lifelong, quality language education supports not only educational and professional success, but personal development and a sense of selfworth, which in turn contribute to a democratic, socially cohesive and peaceful world.
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    Մոնտաժային պլանների կիրառման առանձնահատկությունները Մայքլ Քանինգհեմի «Ժամերը» վեպում
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Վանյան Մարիամ
    The article deals with the editing shots and the peculiarities of their usage in Michael Cunningham's novel "The Hours". In his novel, Michael Cunningham makes extensive use of a number of editing techniques, primarily in the context of time shifts and the interconnection of three different dimensions in them. Each of the three editing shots is important for a deeper understanding of Cunningham's text. The close-up reveals the features of the characters' inner world, while the medium and wide shots contribute to a more accurate perception of space and the general context. It is worth noting that Cunningham mostly resorts to the use of medium and wide shots, as they contribute to the creation of rhythmic, intense contrasts in the scene/frame, emphasizing the emotionality of what is happening.
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    Լեզվի և նորմի փոփոխության կանխադրույթներն ըստ Ա. Այտընյանի «քննական քերականության»
    (Լինգվա, 2024) Աղաջանյան Զարիկ
    Arsen Aytynyan was a prominent figure in Armenian philological science during the 19th century. As a linguist and philosopher, he greatly influenced Armenian scientific thought of his time. Human thinking and communication shape the "form" and "type" of language. The Armenian language, in turn, reflects the intellectual, material, and moral state of the Armenian nation. In his work, Aytynyan examines the state of the Armenian language during his era, contrasting the dead ancient Armenian language with the modern Armenian language, which he saw as lifeless. He emphasizes key aspects of linguistic research, such as the standardization of language, changes in language norms, language development, and the language policy.