Արձակ ժանրերի փոխակերպումը Իտալո Կալվինոյի ստեղծագործություններում

Abstract

Research touches upon the study of the works by prolific Italian writer Italo Calvino, analysis of genre, thematic and structural features defining genre transformations in his prose. The importance and relevance of the study is defined by the fact that the evolution of Calvino’s creative method and transformations of the novelistic features in his works not only reflect, but to a large extent determine the objective course in the development of the 20th century European prose. Theoretical propositions of major literary critics are the methodological and scientific basis of the research. The idea of the 20th century novel as a complex and multi-faceted genre, incorporating many of the features inherent in different genres, reinvents and reinterprets them. Constantly evolving and undergoing self-irony, the novel obtains new opportunities and new genre layers, while remaining as an unfinished form, giving the possibility to multiple sequels. The dissertation consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion and bibliography. In the introduction the choice of the topic, its topicality and novelty are presented, the aim and objectives of the study are formulated the critical literature on Calvino’s works is summarized. In the first chapter entitled "The main features of the prose of 1950-60s by Italo Calvino" the main provisions of the theory of the genre (the novel, in particular) are analyzed on the basis of which the author's approach to the problem is formed. Calvino’s creative work is divided into three main periods, (neorealist, fantastic and postmodern fiction) related to the changes in the artistic method. However, the focus of the dissertation is on the works of the second and third stages. This is because the first, neorealistic period (1940 war and postwar years) is a period of the writer’s search of creative ways, largely determined by socio-political requirements of the era. A collection of short stories "The Crow Comes Last" and his very first novel "The path of cobwebs" written in this period are characterized by simplicity of narration, one dimensional characters, linear composition, realistic depiction of provincial life containing elements of local dialects. Scientific and artistic interest in innovative experiments with the genre and its possibilities of transformation is associated with two successive periods in Calvino’s prose. Thus, as a result of the artistic exploration and the change of authorial perception of the world, the image of reality is replaced by fantastic images, the changes of the novelistic chronotope, composition and system of characters.