Area Studies

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    Չինարեն
    (Lingva, 2009) Ցաո Ջիլիու ; Հովսեփյան Մարինե
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    A basic course in American English
    (Հեղ․ հրատ․, 2017) Velyan Karen
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    A basic course in American dialects
    (Հեղ․ հրատ․, 2018) Velyan Karen
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    符号互动视角下来华留学生在中国高校的适应研究：语言作为适应的核心符号
    (Lingva, 2025) AREVIK SARGSYAN
    With China's development, an increasing number of foreign students are choosing to pursue their studies in China. However, these students face linguistic, cultural, and academic challenges that complicate their integration. The theory of symbolic interactionism offers a framework for understanding the adaptation process, viewing language not merely as a communication tool but as a crucial symbol of social belonging and identity. Language barriers and cultural differences contribute to the formation of a "marginalized student" identity, intensifying the sense of isolation. This study suggests that Chinese universities develop inclusive support systems, including academic language training, cultural exchange opportunities, and psychological assistance, to facilitate the adaptation of international students and foster a harmonious academic environment.
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    THE ROLE OF CHINESE MOTIFS AND AESTHETICS IN SHAPING THE VISUAL LANGUAGE OF THE ARMENIAN AMERICAN ARTIST HOVSEP PUSHMAN'S STILL LIFE PAINTINGS
    (Lingva, 2025) ANI MARGARYAN
    Овсеп Пушман (1877–1966) – американско-армянский художник, внесший значительный вклад в развитие натюрморта в первой половине XX века. Его творчество рассматривается как отражение принципов «ориентального мистицизма» — направления, основанного на духовных и символических традициях восточных культур. Композиции Пушмана, отличающиеся тщательно подобранной цветовой палитрой и философской глубиной, формировались под влиянием множества факторов, включая его ранние годы в семье, связанной с производством восточных ковров, обучение в Париже, обширные путешествия по Китаю и другим странам Востока, а также его интерес к азиатским антиквариатам, особенно китайским артефактам. Символизм, заложенный в тщательно продуманных композициях Пушмана, предлагает широкий спектр интерпретаций. Настоящее исследование представляет собой академический анализ, направленный на выявление, изучение и контекстуализацию проявлений символизма и функций китайского искусства, декоративных предметов и мотивов в визуальном языке художника. В статье рассматривается также и влияние китайской эстетики на символизм Пушмана. Подобный подход не только вносит вклад в развитие синологии и углубляет понимание китайской тематики в контексте западного искусства XX века, но и раскрывает аспекты культурного взаимодействия между Китаем и Арменией. Работы Пушмана стали своеобразным связующим звеном между восточными художественными традициями, американскими художественными практиками и искусством армянской Диаспоры.
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    ՉԻՆԱՑԻՆԵՐԻ ԼԵԶՎԻ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆ ԱՆՎԱՆՈՒՄՆԵՐԸ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԴԱՎԻԹ ԳՅՈՒՐՋԻՆՅԱՆ
    In ancient Armenian chronicles Armenian names of the Chinese language were not preserved and they were not attested in the Middle Armenian period either. Nevertheless, in classical Armenian some linguonyms, such as ճենազգեայ (tshenazgeay), ճենազն (tshenazn), or ճենազնեայ (tshenazneay) meaning "of the Chinese nation, Chinese", and in Middle Armenian ճենացի - tshenaci - «չինացի» - "chinese" experienced variations. Armenians might have used some word units naming the Chinese language during the mentioned periods, but no use has been attested (or is still unknown). The Armenian linguonyms of the Chinese language refer to modern times, as there is evidence of use merely since the beginning of the 19th century. According to the structural type, the Armenian linguonyms of the Chinese language are of two types: a) word combinations (լեզու չինաց/չինաց լեզու - lezu chinac/chinac lezu, չինացւոց լեզու-chinacvoc lezu, լեզու ճենաց - lezu tshenac, չինական լեզու - chinakan lezu, ճենական լեզու - tshenakan lezu, ճենացի բարբառ - tshenaci barbar, սինէացի լեզու - sineaci lezu). b) words (չինարեն - chinaren, also չիներեն - chineren, ճենարէն - tshenaren/ճեներէն - tsheneren, չինումաչիներէն - chinumachineren/ չինմաչիներէն - chinmachineren, սինայերէն - sinayeren). Throughout the years formative linguonyms have been replaced by lexical linguonyms. The words չին - chin/չինացի - chinaci, ճեն - tshen/ճենացի- tshenaci, չին(ու)մաչին - chin(u)machin, սինէ - sine and սինա - sina have become the word-forming basis of the linguonyms. In modern Armenian, the linguonym ճենարէն - tshenaren is obsolete, the variants չինումաչիներէն - chinumachineren / չինմաչիներէն - chinmachineren of folk origin are rarely used, and սինէարէն - sinearen (incorrect) has an exclusive use. In the paired variants of literary Armenian (Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian), only the lingunym Chinese is currently canonical.
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    ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆ, ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆ ԵՎ ՉԻՆԱՐԵՆ ԿԵՆԴԱՆՈՒՆՆԵՐՈՎ ՃԱՆԱՉՈՂԱԿԱՆ ՓՈԽԱԲԵՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԵՄԱՏԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԳԱՅԱՆԵ ԵՂԻԱԶԱՐՅԱՆ
    This paper analyzes the cultural connotations embedded in cognitive metaphors with animal names and reveals the differences between Armenian, English, and Chinese linguo-cultures. The analysis of these metaphors uncovers the cultural diversities among the three nations. The varying connotations of cognitive metaphors with animal names in different languages are closely linked to the history, customs and habits, aesthetic standards, norms, and values of each nation. These cultural connotations not only inspire humanity’s endless imagination but also enrich words with deeper meanings. Furthermore, cultural connotations possess specific cultural enchantment and a powerful communicative function. Understanding both the similarities and differences is essential for effective communication in multicultural contexts.
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    «СВЯЩЕННАЯ ВЕРШИНА ПОДНЕБЕСНОЙ»: МЕТАФОРИЧЕСКИЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ОБРАЗА ГОРЫ ТАЙШАНЬ (泰山) НА ПРИМЕРЕ КИТАЙСКИХ ПАРЕМИЙ
    (Lingva, 2025) ДАВИД ГРИЦЕНКО
    Mount Taishan is one of the key symbols of Chinese culture, an image shaped over millennia. Numerous Chinese proverbs with the component “Taishan (泰山)” reflect the cultural perception of this sacred mountain. This article explores metaphorical uses of the toponym “Taishan ( 泰山)” in Chinese phraseology. The article attempts to analyze the emergence of the corresponding metaphors. The study applies the cognitive metaphor theory and the source–target domain interaction model (A is B), as developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. Research is based on authoritative Chinese phraseological dictionaries. The image of Taishan is embedded in the naïve picture of native Chinese speakers and has served as a foundation for the further sacralization of their mountain.
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    ТЕКУЩЕЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ КИТАЯ
    (Lingva, 2025) ЛЯН СЯОНАНЬ ; МАКСИМ ПУЗИКОВ ; ЧЖАН НАНЬНАНЬ
    This article explores the current state and future prospects of China’s digital economy, as well as the hottest prospects in that field of economic innovation. The data confirm that China is among the global leaders in implementing digital economic initiatives, particularly those consumer- oriented ones. The main conclusion is that the digital economy has become a major driving force behind China's overall economic growth, enabling new forms of business and governmental administration. In the long term, it is expected to meet a broad range of societal needs and contributes to the national prosperity.
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    ՓՈԽԱԲԵՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ԹԱՐԳՄԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՍԻ ԾԻՆՓԻՆԻ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆ ԵԼՈՒՅԹՆԵՐԻ ՀԻՄԱՆ ՎՐԱ
    (Lingva, 2025) ՄԱՐԻԱՄ ԹՈՎՄԱՍՅԱՆ
    This article examines the use and translation of metaphors (Chinese: 比喻) in Chinese, using the political speeches of President Xi Jinping as a case study. Metaphors are a key stylistic feature of the Chinese language. Their importance lies not only in their lexical richness but also in their extensive use in political and everyday speech. This study aims to study the types of metaphors in Chinese political discourse and analyze the methods of their translation into Armenian. It presents the results of an analysis based on selected metaphors from various speeches by Xi Jinping.
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    ՉԻՆ ՓԻԼԻՍՈՓԱՅԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՐԱՑՈՒՅՑԻ ՀԻՄՆԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՍԿԱՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ԱԶԴԵՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՉԻՆԱՍՏԱՆԻ ԱՐԴԻԱԿԱՆԱՑՄԱՆ ՎՐԱ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԳՈՌ ՍԱՐԳՍՅԱՆ
    Chinese modernization is the most extensive and, at the same time, the most complex modernization in human history. It requires the systematic development of both material and spiritual culture. Material goods and spiritual values are fundamental requirements of socialist modernization. The path of Chinese modernization stems from the traditional schools of thought of the Chinese people. Key concepts in Chinese philosophy — peace, development, friendship, reconciliation, harmony, and rationality — are all reflected in the philosophical foundation of China's modernization process.
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    ՔԱՐԱՆՁԱՎՆԵՐԸ՝ ՈՐՊԵՍ ԱՅԼ ԱՇԽԱՐՀԻ ԽՈՐՀՐԴԱՆԻՇ, ՀԱՅ ԵՎ ՉԻՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՂԲՅՈՒՐՆԵՐՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԱՆՆԱ ԱԴԱՄՅԱՆ
    Caves (or grottoes), as abodes of supernatural forces, hold great significance in Taoism. In Armenian traditions, caves also function as symbolic spaces representing the otherworld, although they do not always conceal a blissful realm, as is often the case in Taoist writings. This article explores caves as symbols of heavenly and blissful realms in Taoist works, while Armenian narratives present caves as places inhabited by supernatural forces. The study has two main objectives: first, to analyze the role of caves in Armenian and Chinese literature, and second, to highlight similarities in cave narratives through a comparative analysis of selected Armenian and Chinese sources.
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    СИМВОЛИКА КЛАССИЧЕСКОЙ КИТАЙСКОЙ ПЕЙЗАЖНОЙ ЖИВОПИСИ И ИСКУССТВО КАЛЛИГРАФИИ
    (Lingva, 2025) ЭММА АРАБАДЖЯН
    This article examines the symbolism inherent in classical Chinese landscape painting and the art of calligraphy. The profound aesthetic values cultivated in medieval China shaped the perception of painting as an independent form of artistic expression. Symbolism plays a central role in Chinese painting, deeply influencing its perception which served as the impetus for choosing this topic.