2023

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    KORPUSBASIERTE EXTRAKTION VON (MEHRWORT-) TERMINOLOGIEKANDIDATEN: EINE STUDIE ANHAND DER JURISTISCHEN FACHSPRACHE DES DEUTSCHEN
    (Lingva, 2023) Tarloyan Astghik ; Elbakidze Tamar ; Lipateliani Maia ; Osepashvili Nino ; Hovsepyan Hayk ; Khachatryan Gohar ; Dallakyan Meri ; Straube Annika ; Babych Bogdan ; Atayan Vahram
    The paper represents a pilot study on terminology extraction. The main objective of the study is to clarify to what extent the effectiveness of automated terminology extraction can be improved based on the keyword identification method as opposed to mere structure-based term extraction. In the project, single- and multi-word terms are extracted from a specialized legal corpus of decisions of the German Federal Court of Justice (BGH). Thereby, two relatively simple procedures for automated terminology extraction are tested. On the one hand, multi-word expressions are identified according to a pure syntactic pattern, and on the other hand, the keywords of the BGH corpus are evaluated as terminological candidates and as a starting point for the identification of multi-word terms. The two methods are compared using precision and recall measures. These are calculated based on matching automatically extracted terminological candidates with manually annotated terms in the BGH corpus that are regarded in the study as the gold standard annotation.
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    ԱՐԴԻ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆԻ ԽՈՍՔԱՅԻՆ ԳՈՐԾՈՒՆԵՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՄԱՍՏԱՅԻՆ ԵՆԹԱԴԱՇՏԻ ԲԱՅԵՐԻ ՇԱՐԱԿԱՐԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ
    (Lingva, 2023) Dokhoyan Ruzanna
    The syntagmatic relations of nuclear verbs "to say", "to think", "to feel", "to behave" belonging to the lexico-semantic groups of the verbs of “saying”, “thinking”, “perception” and “behavior” as a subfiled within the semantic field of “Speech activity” in modern Armenian are studied in the article from the perspective of their collocobility. The paper discusses the similarities and differences of their collocobility conditioned by the semantic and syntagmatic principles of grouping of the above-mentioned verbs. Then the valence of the mentioned verbs is examined, as well as the syntagmatic structural types of both nuclear verbs and the ones grouped around the nucleus. The common feaures disclosed by the study testify to the systemic structure of the given subfield.
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    ՄԻՋՈՒԿԱՅԻՆ ՆԱԽԱԴԱՍՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՈՒ ՆՐԱՆՑ ՓՈԽԱԿԵՐՊՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԱԳՈՐԾԱՌԱԿԱՆ ԱՐԺԵՔԸ ԽՆԴԻՐ ԼՐԱՑՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ԴԵՐՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2023) Mirumyan Margush
    The paper aims to study the transformations of nuclear sentences in the Armenian language into phrases and compound words and their syntactic functions. In the process of transformation, certain features are manifested by the constructions that fuction as a direct and an indirect object. In the transformation of the sentence into a phrase and futher into a compound word, it is the verb that undergoes the main functioning as the main member of the participial phrase and as a verbal base and the main component of a compound word. The syntactic commonality of nuclear sentences and their transformations is conditioned by the logic of the transition: when the expression plane of a language unit changes, its content is preserved, which implies functional identity at the syntactic level.
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    LINGUISTIC MANIFESTATIONS OF AGGRESSIVE SPEECH BEHAVIORS OF MALE AND FEMALE POLITICIANS IN TELEVISED DEBATES
    (Lingva, 2023) Marabyan Luiza
    With more women entering politics, it is unclear if they are held to the same standards as their male counterparts or if they must adjust to new voter expectations. According to the Language Expectancy Theory, women are less successful than men in persuasion through verbal aggression because they are thought to go against social norms on acceptable behavior while men’s aggressive behavior is not perceived negatively. It is assumed that people form expectations about linguistic actions (language as a tool for communication) that ultimately influence their acceptance or rejection of persuasive messages. Men and women are expected to behave differently when being verbally aggressive, and those who do not fit these expectations are viewed more negatively than those who adhere to them. This research looks at two political debates to analyze aggressive speech behaviors of male and female politicians held on 19th February 2020 in Las Vegas and 15th October 2019 in Ohio . The study examines the linguistic manifestations of aggressive speech behaviors of male and female politicians in televised debates, considering the effects of the gender of the speakers. Two democratic presidential debates were used in this research.
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    ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ԵՎ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆԻ՝ ԴՐԱՄԱՆԻՇ ԲԱՂԱԴՐԻՉՈՎ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾՔԱՅԻՆ ՄԻԱՎՈՐՆԵՐԻ ԶՈՒԳԱԴՐԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ
    (Lingva, 2023) Hayrapetyan Ashkhen
    The present article is devoted to the comparision of English and Armenian monetary systems and to the reflection of monetary units in the phraseological units of the contrasted languages. An attempt was made to provide thorough information about the origin of money, the etymology of the currency names in the languages under study and to analyze phrases with the names of monetary units in English and Armenian. The aim of this article is to find the characterisitc features of English and Armenian phrases and their linguo-cultural differences. Such a contrastive-typological approach helps disclose the peculiarities of national mentality and psychology.
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    ԿԱՐԼ ԳՈՒԹՑԿՈՎԻ «ՈԳՈՒ ԱՍՊԵՏՆԵՐԸ» ՎԵՊԸ 19-ՐԴ ԴԱՐԻ ԳԵՐՄԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԳՐԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2023) Mkrtchyan Armine
    The article is devoted to the analysis of Karl Gutykow’s novel “Die Ritter vom Geiste”. The focus of the article is to highlight the characteristics of Gutzkow’s narrative technique, namely the technique of juxtaposition and the triggering of the main hero-supporting characters hierarchy. We have highlighted through analysis that this innovative narrative technique has become a reference point for later period novels.
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    ԱՐԱ ԱԼՈՅԱՆԻ ՊՈԵԶԻԱՅԻ ՊԱՏԿԵՐԱՎՈՐՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳԸ
    (Lingva, 2023) Gevorgyan Lilit
    The paper aims to study the imagery system of the poetry of modern poet, journalist, publicist Ara Aloyan. Since the language of fiction is considered as an important link in the chain of the development of the national language, the study of the individual style of modern authors continues to be one of the main issues in linguistics and stylistics. In the article, we dwell upon one of the positive characteristics of A. Aloyan's poetic speech: figurativeness, as a tool for the writer's personality expression.
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    ՆԵՐՍԵՍ ՇՆՈՐՀԱԼՈՒ ԱՅԲԲԵՆԱԿԱՊ ԲԱՆԱՍՏԵՂԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՏԱՌԱՑՈՒՅՑ ԲԱՌԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԵՄԱՏԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ
    (Lingva, 2023) Գյուրջինյան Դավիթ
    Alphabetic poems occupy an important place in Nerses Shnorali’s huge literary heritage. The goal of the comparative analysis of the lexicon of alphabetic works of this type, in particular, that of the first words of each line, is not merely lexicological. This comparison is remarkable from another point of view as well: it can give a certain idea of Shnorali’s creative laboratory, as well as the approaches, preferences of the author, his experience and taste, manifested in the choice of words, etc. The comparative analysis of alphabetic words is an additional means of establishing or denying the authorship of a particular work. For a number of poems, the author of which is considered to be Shnorali, it is noted that they were preserved in some manuscripts without the name of the author, but they are in line with Nerses Shnorali’s works and may belong to his pen. Only in later manuscripts there are also alphabetic acrostic attributed to Shnorali, but this attribution seems unreliable. These acrostics are sometimes not included in Shnorali’s literary heritage, since reliable facts are needed to indicate their authorship. Among Shnorali's works, scholars included several alphabetic acrostics, in some cases with a certain degree of uncertainty, with reservations, and in other cases with greater confidence. A study of the first words of each line of alphabetic acrostics revealed that the works under study belong to the pen of Nerses Shnorali, and their inclusion in the literary heritage of the blessed Catholicos is fully justified.
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    ՏԵՔՍՏԻ ՄԵԿՆԵԼԻՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ. ՏԵՔՍՏԻ ԿԱՌՈՒՑՎԱԾՔԱՅԻՆ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀՈԳԵԼԵԶՎԱԲԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՏԵՍԱՆԿՅՈՒՆԻՑ
    (Lingva, 2023) Թովմասյան Հրանուշ
    The article discusses the peculiarities of text interpretation from a psycholinguistic point of view, given its structural, communicative, and content features. The aim of the article is to highlight text interpretation variability due to the peculiarities of the mental content and capacity of a linguistic individual.
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    ԴԱՂՍՏԱՆՅԱՆ ԼԵԶՈՒՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆ ԱՆՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ. ԳՈՐԾԱԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԵՎ ԲԱՌԱՐԱՆԱՅԻՆ ՄՇԱԿՈՒՄԸ
    (Lingva, 2023) Gyurjinyan Davit
    In Armenian linguistic literature (monographs, university textbooks and dictionaries) the names of Dagestan languages and dialects are used in more than one variant: ագուլերեն (Aghul), ախվախերեն (Akhvakh), անդիերեն (Andic), ավարերեն (Avar / Avaric), արչիերեն (Archi), բագուլալերեն / բագվալերեն (Bagvalal), բուդուխերեն (Budukh), գոդոբերերեն (Godoberi), գունզիբերեն (Hunzib), դարգիներեն (Dargwa), դիդոյերեն (Dido), թաբասաներեն (Tabasaran), լակերեն (Lak), լեզգիերեն (Lezgian), խինալուղերեն (Khinalug), խվարչիերեն (Khwarsi), կրիզերեն (Kryts), ճամալալ(ին)երեն (Chamalal), տինդի(ն)երեն / տինդալերեն (Tindi), ցեզերեն (Tsez), ուտիերեն (Udi) etc. They were formed mainly with the suffix -երեն (the derivational meaning is “language”), there are also non-suffix borrowed linguonyms. Since the middle of the 20th century most linguonyms have had variants. There are various options: lexical (բեժիտերեն (Bezhta) - կապուչիներեն (Kapucha), դիդոյերեն (Dido) - ցեզերեն (Tsez) etc.), word-formation (գոդոբերի - գոդոբերերեն - գոդոբերիներեն - գոդոբերիերեն (Godoberi) etc.), phonetic-orthographic (գինուխերեն - ղինուխերեն (Hinuq), բոտլիխերեն - բոթլիխերեն (Botlikh), ղայտաղերեն - կայթաղերեն (Kaitag), ծախուրերեն - ցախուրերեն (Tsakhur) etc.). Only two linguonyms - ավարերեն (Avaric) and ռուտուլերեն (Rutul) have no variants. For some linguonyms, word-building clarifications are proposed (կարատայերեն instead of կարատիներեն (Karata)). Recently, suffixal linguonyms have spread in Armenian scientific speech, as a result of which the homonymy of some ethnonyms and linguonyms is erased. Linguistic (specialized) and encyclopedic dictionaries of the Armenian language played a massive role in the regulation and unification of the Armenian names of the Dagestan languages. In the explanatory and spelling dictionaries of the Armenian language, the entry words became linguonyms ավարերեն (Avaric), լակերեն / լաքերեն (Lak), լեզգիերեն (Lezgian), կյուրիներեն (Kura) and ուտիերեն (Udi). The clarification of the names of the Dagestan languages will lead to their unification, contribute to the accuracy of Armenian scientific speech, and also eliminate various obstacles encountered in dictionaries and search engines.
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    ՀՈՒՄՈՐԸ՝ ԲՈՂՈՔԻ ԱՐՏԱՀԱՅՏՄԱՆ ՄԻՋՈՑ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆ ՀԱՄԱՑԱՆՑԱՅԻՆ ԽՈՍՈՒՅԹՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2023) Avetisyan Anna
    The role of information technologies in linguistic studies is unparalleled, as they not only contribute to the development of novel linguistic concepts but also offer fresh perspectives on language usage. In particular, they have fostered the growth of internet discourse and facilitated information accessibility. The prevalence of complaint-based comments has surged, especially on social media platforms. Considering the adverse effects of such complaints on public opinion formation, users have increasingly turned to humor as a primary tool for mitigation. This article aims to investigate humor as a means of complaint in Armenian Internet discourse and analyze its linguistic features. To achieve this objective, the study includes the examination of various classifications of humor, their application in expressing complaints, and the linguistic devices employed for providing humourous effect. The topicality of this research lies in the significance of humor in Internet discourse as a means of expressing complaints and its potential impact on public opinion. The study shows that when expressing their complaint users often resort to various forms of humour either to soften the severity of the utterance, sometimes to sound funny, or to make it more offensive.
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    ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ՍԵՌԻ ՔԵՐԱԿԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԿԱՐԳԸ ՏԱՐԱԺԱՄԱՆԱԿՅԱ ՏԵՍԱՆԿՅՈՒՆԻՑ
    (Lingva, 2023) Aghabekyan Karine ; Karapetyan Astghik
    The paper aims at studying the diachronic development of both the natural and grammatical gender categories of English. To define the historical development of the given phenomenon it is essential to study different approaches towards the gender category. Moreover, the article deals with the evolution stages of grammatical gender in pre-historic period, in particular, in Pre-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic languages. It is noteworthy that the grammatical gender has not been considered as a grammatical category in many languages, and in some of them it is viewed as a semantic category. Thus, the language that possesses natural gender implies that the gender of a noun or a pronoun referring to an animate objects should correspond to their natural gender, whereas their grammatical gender is “artificial or formal”. All the nouns of a language with a grammatical gender, possess the category of gender, still their being of masculine, feminine or neutral gender is almost impossible to identify merely taking into account the meaning of the noun itself.
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    ACTUALIZATION OF CONCEPT “EVIL” IN “A SONG OF ICE AND FIRE” BY GEORGE R. R. MARTIN
    (Lingva, 2023) Badalyan Lilit ; Stepanyan Meline
    The paper aims to study the concept “Evil” in the book series “A Song of Ice and Fire” by George R.R. Martin. Linguo-stylistic analysis of the selected examples has been conducted, focusing on different manifestations of evil as symbolized by various characters. The extracted examples from the book series are discussed with a special emphasis on the nouns, verbs and adjectives, as well as stylistic devices that manifest evil in figurative ways.
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    НОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ СОЦСЕТЕЙ В ЗЕРКАЛЕ ЯЗЫКА
    (Lingva, 2023) Avakova Erika
    The article is devoted to the neologisms borrowed from English which name new realities, trends, a new style of behavior and relationships of people in social media. The paper presents the ways in which these words are formed, the peculiarities of their functioning in Russian and the inclusion of these borrowings in dictionaries.
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    «BROT/ՀԱՑ» ՍՆՆԴԱՆՈՒՆՈՎ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾՔՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԵՄԱՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԳԵՐՄԱՆԵՐԵՆՈՒՄ ԵՎ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2023) Papoyan Siranush ; Ghazaryan Eliza
    The article is devoted to the study of phraseological units with the component "bread" in German and Armenian. The comparison shows that the component "bread" in the phraseological units of both languages displays many connotative meanings, both implicitly and explicitly. In both languages, "bread" is considered primarily a means of subsistence and is associated with a good or a bad financial condition or status a person. But in both languages, the meanings of phraseological units basically do not coincide, and this is due to geographical distance, different mentality, including linguistic mentality and different world perceptions of these peoples.
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    IDEOLOGEME “WAR” AS A PART OF MACRO-IDEOLOGEME ARTSAKH IN MEDIA TEXTS DURING 44-DAY-WAR IN ARTSAKH
    (Lingva, 2023) Sarkisyan Lusine
    The article is devoted to the explanation of concepts “ideologeme” and “macro-ideologeme” in media texts. The aim of this study is to identify their main functions based on the analysis of English articles during the specified period (from September 27th to 10th November, 2020), where the essence of the ideologeme “war” is defined through the image of the country (Artsakh, as macro-ideologeme).
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    ON TERMINOLOGY OF TYPES OF CHINESE DICTIONARIES
    (Lingva, 2023) Knyazyan Meri
    The paper is devoted to the study of different Chinese terms that denote types of dictionaries/reference books in Chinese. The English word dictionary has several Chinese equivalents, including the archaic term 字书 (zìshū, character book) and modern terms 字典 (zìdiăn, character dictionary), 词典 (cídiăn, word dictionary, or simply dictionary), and 辞典 (cídiăn, lexicon), and the more general term 辞书 (císhū, lexicographical works). Depending on the kind of linguistic units that are selected as its entries, Chinese - foreign dictionaries can be a character dictionary, a word dictionary, or a dictionary of characters and words. A Chinese lexeme can be a monosyllabic morpheme in the form of a single character like 眼 (yǎn, eye), 看 (kàn, look), 不 (bù, no; not) and 了 (le), or a multi-syllabic morpheme consisting of two or more characters, like 葡萄 (pútao, grape) and 巧克力 (qiǎokèlì, chocolate). Unlike conventional dictionaries in which multi-syllabic morphemes are treated as sub-entries, the dictionary of Chinese lexemes 辞位 (cíwèi) that serves the needs of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, treats them on an equal footing as single characters. The sub-entries of 辞位 (cíwèi) dictionary correspond to English words and are composed of a head character or head lexeme plus another character or lexeme. For instance, the sub-entries under 眼 (yǎn, eye) are 眼 光 (yǎnguāng, vision), 眼睛 (yǎnjīng, eye), etc.; and the sub-entries under 葡萄 (pútao, grape) are 葡萄干 (pútaogān, raisin), 葡萄酒 (pútaojiǔ, wine), 葡萄糖 (pútaotang, glucose) and 葡萄牙 (pútaoyá, Portugal).
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    ON LEXICAL AND ETYMOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF WELSH PERSONAL NAMES
    (Lingva, 2023) Harutyunyan Nelly
    The article mainly traces the etymology of Welsh personal names. Welsh derives from Brittonic, the native Celtic language of Britain at the time of the Roman Empire. It has emerged in a recognizable form almost in the VI century, though until the XII century – just like its sister languages Breton, Cornish and Cumbric it can be also considered a Brittonic dialect. The personal name systems of all these sister languages were so similar in the Low Middle Ages that they could be considered more as Brittonic personal names, rather than simply a Welsh phenomenon. Welsh personal names have surely fallen under the influence of political changes. Starting with a mixture of original Celtic and adopted Roman personal names, the Welsh increasingly adopted English names after the conquest. A significant return to native personal names only took place in the XIX century after the Welsh cultural revival.