2025

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    ԺՈՂՈՎՐԴԱՆՈՒՆ ԵՎ ԴԻՑԱՆՈՒՆ ԲԱՂԱԴՐԻՉՆԵՐՈՎ ՖՐԱՆՍԵՐԵՆ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾԱՅԻՆ ՄԻԱՎՈՐՆԵՐԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՑՄԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԱՇԽԵՆ ԳՅՈՒՐՋԻՆՅԱՆ
    The teaching of the ethnonymic and myphonymic components in French phraseological units is of essential importance for the formation of linguistic and cultural perception. Phrases containing ethnonymic components reflect the historical and cultural interactions of the French with other peoples, conveying stereotypes and national perceptions. The study of these phrases requires the use of cognitive and recognisable strategies through the identification of the etymology of phrases and cultural subtexts. Meanwhile, phrases with myphonymic components originate from mythical, biblical and historical sources, which strengthen national-cultural identity through the use of proper names. Teaching these units contributes to the development of linguistic and intercultural competence, emphasizing the peculiarities of French culture and French thinking.
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    ԹՈՒՐՔԵՐԵՆԻ ԴԱՍԱՎԱՆԴՄԱՆ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀՀ ԲՈՒՀԵՐՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2025) ՄԵԼԻՆԵ ԱՆՈՒՄՅԱՆ
    The article examines the peculiarities of teaching Turkish in nonspecialized faculties of higher education institutions in Armenia and provides lecturers with certain suggestions and practical recommendations. To overcome students' negative attitude toward the Turkish language, it is proposed to instill in them the idea that they should perceive the language as a tool that serves exclusively the state and national interests of Armenia. Lecturers are advised to consider that students of non-specialized faculties do not take courses related to other Turkological disciplines; therefore, within the framework of the language course, they should provide general information about the Republic of Turkey, its history, culture, and geography. It is emphasized that lecturers should take into account the specific faculty where Turkish is taught and focus primarily on the vocabulary necessary for the given profession. The article includes practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the teaching process. Additionally, it briefly discusses several Turkish language textbooks published in the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Turkey, and the Russian Federation, some of which, albeit with certain reservations, can be used by specialists teaching Turkish in Armenia’s higher education institutions.
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    ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆԸ ՄԻՏՎԱԾ ԳՆԱՀԱՏՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԼՈՒԻԶԱ ՄԻԼԻՏՈՍՅԱՆ
    The article presents modern approaches to assessment. The proposed form of formative assessment stems from a student-centered paradigm and fosters a dialogue between the teacher and the learners, as well as among the learners themselves. By developing critical thinking, self-analysis, selfassessment, and peer assessment skills, the learner becomes an active participant in this process. This form of assessment highlights the learner's achievements, identifies learning challenges, and provides support in overcoming them. Formative assessment aims to build learners' confidence in their performance, which, in turn, enhances the quality of education. The requirements set by the new assessment standards position qualitative, descriptive assessment as a key component of the educational process. On the one hand, it provides feedback with the learner; on the other, it helps the teacher understand what learners have mastered and the challenges they have encountered. It helps design the learner's individual learning path, as well as clarify the role of the established requirements. Additionally, it outlines the strategies that ensure the effectiveness of formative assessment: providing an individualized approach, fostering joint knowledge construction between the teacher and learner, promoting self-regulated learning, facilitating dialogue, and incorporating observation, analysis, and feedback.
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    ՄՈԴՈՒԼԱՅԻՆ ԿՐԹԱԿԱՆ ԾՐԱԳՐԵՐ ԿԱԶՄԵԼՈՒ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ
    (Lingva, 2025) ՌՈՒԶԱՆՆԱ ՄԻՆԱՍՅԱՆ
    This article summarizes the impact of different factors on the development of a modular-based curriculum in higher education institutions. It also explores the key principles for designing a flexible curriculum. The best practice presented in the paper will facilitate the introduction of a modular learning strategy Armenia's higher education system. A thorough study has been conducted to indicate the main challenges for the implementation of modular education. These challenges are also evident in Armenia's higher education system. And there is a need to focus on the student-centered approach and flexibility while redesigning the academic programmes.
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    ԽԱՂԱՅՆԱՑՄԱՆ ՏԵԽՆՈԼՈԳԻԱՅԻ ԴԵՐԸ ԱԿՏԻՎ ՈՒՍՈՒՑՄԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԵԼԵՆԱ ԲԱՅՏԱԼՅԱՆ
    The article examines gamification technologies in the field of Higher Education. In the age of digital access, it takes a lot of effort to keep learners engaged and motivated. In this context, gamification is defined as an innovative approach that has been used in education in the last decade. Based on the literature review in the field, the most popular elements of gamification in higher education are presented categorizing them in 3 major groups: surface elements, underlying dynamics, gaming experience. The article discusses how gamification influences student engagement and motivation in higher education.
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    THE CAUCASUS IN TURMOIL: GEORGIAN KINGDOMS AND OTTOMAN STRATEGIES IN THE EARLY XVII CENTURY
    (Lingva, 2025) VARDAN PAPIKYAN
    This article explores the intricate relations between the Georgian kingdoms and the Ottoman Empire during the 1st half of XVII century, focusing on the periods surrounding the three Iran-Ottoman Wars (1603- 1612, 1615-1618, and 1623-1639). Through a detailed analysis of both Georgian and Turkish sources, this study employs a historical-comparative methodology to explains the shifting dynamics of power, diplomacy, and conflict between these entities. The findings reveal how the geopolitical pressures of these wars influenced the strategies and alignments of the Georgian kingdoms, which oscillated between cooperation and resistance depending on the broader regional context. The research also sheds light on the long-term consequences of these relations, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between the Caucasus region and the Ottoman Empire in this era.
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    ԶԲՈՍԱՇՐՋՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՀՆԱՐԱՎՈՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀՀ ԼՈՌՈՒ ՄԱՐԶՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԳԱՅԱՆԵ ԹՈՎՄԱՍՅԱՆ ; ՄԱՐԻՆԵ ԳԵՎՈՐԳՅԱՆ
    Lori is one of the ten regions of the Republic of Armenia, located in the northern part of the country. Like other settlements in Armenia, the settlements of the Lori region have been inhabited by Armenians since the period of the Kingdom of Van until the fall of the Arshakuni dynasty. As a result, they were often associated with historical places or figures and had Armenian names. The region has a rich historical and cultural heritage, delicious national cuisine, and favorable conditions for the development of various types of tourism, including ecotourism, resort tourism, festival tourism, adventure tourism, rural tourism, and urban tourism. To examine the tourism challenges in the region, the study employed historical-descriptive methods, analysis and synthesis, statistical approaches, and SWOT analysis. The article studies the primary tourism resources of the Lori region, analyzes its key socio-economic indicators and tourism infrastructure, assesses the current state of tourism, identifies the main challenges to tourism development, and offers recommendations for their resolution. These recommendations include developing new tourist routes, enhancing marketing activities, organizing new festivals, improving service quality, and diversifying tourism products. The findings of the study may be valuable for state and local government bodies, companies operating in the tourism sector, and experts in the field.
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    ՊԱՏԵՐԱԶՄԻ ՄԱՍՆԱԿԻՑՆԵՐԻ ՀԵՏՏՐԱՎՄԱՏԻԿ ՍԹՐԵՍԱՅԻՆ ԽԱՆԳԱՐՄԱՆ ԱԽՏԱՆԻՇՆԵՐԸ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԼԵՎՈՆ ՍԱՐԳՍՅԱՆ ; ԱՆԱՀԻՏ ՊԵՏՐՈՍՅԱՆ
    Post-traumatic stress disorders resulting from recent nationwide stresses in Armenian society—such as the Artsakh wars, the loss of Artsakh, and forced resettlement—have negatively affected the mental and physical health of the population, leading to a long-term state of psycho-emotional stress. The post-traumatic period in Armenia began in 1988 with the catastrophic Spitak earthquake, and the ongoing daily shootings and casualties at combat positions have aggravated the situation. These events compel us to reassess the issues of mental health and mental illnesses of the population, particularly the psychological responses to traumatic events, whether normal or pathological in nature. Undoubtedly, the psychological trauma caused by war is a key factor in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is characterized by a multifactorial and polygenic origin. The research findings presented in this article contribute to a better understanding of the clinical manifestations, types, and symptoms of PTSD in both military personnel and civilians.
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    ՀԱՆՐԱԿՐԹԱԿԱՆ ԴՊՐՈՑՆԵՐԻ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՄԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑՆԵՐԻ ՍՈՑԻԱԼ- ՀՈԳԵԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՍՊԵԿՏՆԵՐԸ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԼԻԼԻԹ ԼԱՉԻՆՅԱՆ
    The effectiveness of managing general education schools is influenced not only by state governance strategies and national standards but also by the personal and psychological characteristics of school principals. Currently, in the selection process for principals of general education schools, significant emphasis is placed on candidates' professional expertise and legal-economic preparedness, which serve as key factors in competitive recruitment processes for vacant positions. Thus, it is essential to examine the socio-psychological qualities of individuals that contribute to effective management practices within schools. These include socio-psychological competencies, communication and interpersonal skills, social interaction abilities, self-regulation, selfmanagement capabilities, a high level of emotional intelligence, reflection, adaptability, and more. The effectiveness of performing managerial functions is also determined by the personal and socio-psychological characteristics of school principals. This paper presents research on the socio-psychological characteristics of individuals, and underscores the importance of incorporating personal growth and the development of psychological skills into the training and professional development programs for principals.
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    К ВОПРОСУ УСИЛИЯ И НАСИЛИЯ В РАМКАХ ЗАНЯТИЙ ПО ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬ
    (Lingva, 2025) АРУТЮН ЕГИАЗАРЯН ; АННА ДАРБИНЯН ; АСТХИК НИКОГОСЯН
    In this article, we discuss the issue of internal violence and its opposition to effort among students in physical education classes. The manifestations of pedagogical and symbolic violence are also examined. The research findings reveal evidence of emotional and internal violence during physical education classes; however, no clear signs of pedagogical violence were observed.
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    ՔԵՐԱԿԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՓՈԽՆԵՐԹԱՓԱՆՑՈՒՄԸ ՉԻՆԱՐԵՆԻ ԴԱՍԱՎԱՆԴՄԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2025) ԼԻԼԻԹ ՀԱԿՈԲՅԱՆ ; ԱՍՅԱ ՍԱՄՎԵԼՅԱՆ
    There are few studies on the phenomenon of "interference" in Armenian-language methodological literature. In the given article, the authors have attempted to examine the influence of Armenian grammar on the acquisition of Chinese grammar, focusing on the grammatical mistakes often made by Armenian speaking students, and their underlying causes. The authors have highlighted examples of grammatical interference that are most frequently abserved among Armenian speaking students learning Chinese.
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    ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՄԱՆ ՄՈԴԵԼՆԵՐԸ ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԱԿԻՑ ՏՆՏԵՍՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ
    (Lingva, 2025) ՀԱՍՄԻԿ ԳԱԼՍՏՅԱՆ
    The choice of management models and methods has always been crucial in the successful organization of a business. This is based on the targeted use of production potential. In recent years, the system of relationships between managers and staff has become significantly important. And in the beginning each economic entity chooses its own management methods, all of them are systematized and studied. Algorithms of management activities, attributes and factors of the external and internal environment are quite universal, which allows them to be systematized, studied with the results applied to increase the production efficiency.